UNIT+6+-+MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiology
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__Unit Summary__ Microbiology is the sixth unit in the course of biology and is full of information about viruses and bacteria. There are three sections in the chapter of bacteria and viruses. In the first chapter, bacteria is described and defined, along with prokaryotes. After these, growth and reproduction of bacteria is explained with binary fission, conjugation, and spore formation. Towards the end of section one, the importance of bacteria is shown. In the second section, viruses are introduced. A typical virus is composed of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Infections are when the virus spreads throughout the body. There are two types of infections; Lytic and Lysogenic. Finally, diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are explained as the last section. Bacteria produce disease in one of two general ways. Some bacteria damge the cells and tissues of the infected organism directly by breaking down the cells for food. Other bacteria release toxins (poisons) that travel thorughout the body interfering with the normal activity of the host. __Main Objectives of Chapters__

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3
 * To tell the difference between the two groups of prokaryotes
 * The factors that are used to indentify prokaryotes
 * Tell the importance of bacteria
 * To know the structure of a virus
 * How viruses cause infections
 * How bacteria cause disease
 * How can bacterial growth be controlled
 * To tell how viruses cause diseases

__Unit Vocabulary__

anaerobes- must live in the absence of oxygen antibiotic- compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria bacillus- rod shaped prokaryotes bacteriophage- viruses that infect bacteria binary fission- when the virus produces two type of daughter cells capsid- virus's protein coat chemoautotroph- can preform chemosynthesis cocci- spherical shaped prokaryotes conjugation- when a hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells chemoheterotroph- use organic molecules for both energy and a supply of carbon endospore- produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA anda protion of its cytoplasm lytic infection- when the host cell is destroyed lysogenic infection- virus integrates its DNA into the DNA of the host cell pathogens- disease causing agents prokaryote- unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus vaccine- a preparation to weaken or kill pathogens

